Radio Waves :: essays research papers

Before beginning our researchon radio waves, to us, radio waves were justwaves pass through the aureole, carryingsound from one place to another. Those were ourignorant days We did not realize the complicatedterms and theories involved. In the followingreport you will front how we advanced in ourknowledge of radio waves, and we hope it will dothe same for you. Radio waves be a combinationof two kinds of electric vibrations. straitfrequency waves, which represent voice and othersounds and radio frequency waves, which carryaudio waves after being combined with them. Twoexamples of broadcast waves are AM waves andFM waves. AM which stands for amplitudemodulation, is a broadcasting method in which thecarrier waves (carry the sounds of a program) arechanged to match changes in the audio frequencywaves. These are electric waves that represent thesounds of a radio broadcast. FM stands forfrequency modulation and these waves, that goskyward, are not reflected. Instead, they passthrough the atmosphere and go into space. AMsignals, however, reflect off the atmosphere andtravel back down to earth, causing broadcasts tobe received at a much greater distance than FMsignals. Since FM travels all the way to space andit does not bounce off the ground it does notcreate as much static as AM does. Radio waves,which travel at the speed of light, cannot be seen,heard, or felt in any way. When you listen to theradio, contrary to what some think, you arehearing the receivers clop up the waves and turnthem into sound. Three more types of radio wavesare ground waves, ionospheric waves andtropospheric waves. Ground waves travel fromthe antenna along the surface of the earth.Ionospheric waves, otherwise known as skywaves, are made up of radio waves that comefrom a transmitting antenna and go into the sky.The ionosphere is the region of the rare field andionized atmosphere around the earth, from 50 to200 miles. Last but not least are the troposphericwaves. These waves are parts of the original wavewhich is reflected into the troposphere, an area ofclouds and storms from 3 to 7 miles high. Radioschange sound into electrical patterns with vectors. In a radio transmitter, the circuit thatgenerates the high frequency AC current thatproduces radio waves from an antenna, is calledan oscillator. Electrical patterns are indeed changedinto broadcast waves of electromagnetic energy.The Kenelly-Heairside layer, found in atransmission of a radio is now well known. Thiskeeps the energy spent by a shortwave transmitterfrom escaping into space. This is why we are able

The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher St

A number of people whom I have heard recount their power school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more fervency when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically commemorate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A ambient look at these two extremes is coercive as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students.While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not fantastic for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. iodin of the reasons I feel strongly close to this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom Ive spoken, I have been applauded by few teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my written document have ranged from, An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely, and This is one of the best papers Ive gotten in years. I shared out it with a colleague of mine, to Who ever taught you how to issue? and What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backfill A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruousness can be explained by the subjectiveness inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like eight-fold choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other Peoples Children. Cross-Talk in Comp Theory A Reader. Ed. superior Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1997.Elbow, Peter. piece Without Teachers. capital of the United Kingdom Oxford Univer sity Press, 1973.Emig, Janet. paper as a Mode of Learning. Cross-Talk in Comp Theory A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1997.Murray, Donald M. Writing as Process How Writing Finds Its confess Meaning. Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timothy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1980.Perl, Sondra. Understanding Composing. College opus and Communications 31 (1980) 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teachers Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154. The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher StA number of people whom I have heard recount their former school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more intensity when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically celebrate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A closer look at these two extremes is imperative as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students.While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not unusual for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. One of the reasons I feel strongly about this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom Ive spoken, I have been applauded by some teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my papers have ranged from, An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely, and This is one of the best papers Ive gotten in years. I shared it with a colleague of mine, to Who ever taught you how to write? and What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backf ill A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruity can be explained by the subjectivity inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like multiple choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other Peoples Children. Cross-Talk in Comp Theory A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1997.Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London Oxford University Press, 1973.Emig, Janet. Writing as a Mode of Learning. Cross-Talk in Comp Theory A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1997.Murray, Donald M. Writing as Process How Writing Finds Its Own Meaning. Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timot hy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL NCTE, 1980.Perl, Sondra. Understanding Composing. College Composition and Communications 31 (1980) 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teachers Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154.

vietnam war :: essays research papers

Choices Tim OBrien was drafted to the Vietnam War. He didnt want to go to the war. So he went to the northern woods in the northern Minnesota. He had to make a choice whether to go to the war or not to go to the war. afterward spending six days with guy Elroy he decides to go. Tim OBrien went to the war for the wrong reasons. He didnt all the same think that there should be a war. He saw no reason at all why they should be fighting. He says I was drafted to a war I hated... I was politically naive, further even so the American war in Vietnam seemed to me wrong. Certain blood shed for uncertain reason. He hated this war and had so many questions nearly it. he says It was my view then, and still is that you dont make a war without chouseing why. he didnt believe in it and didnt know why we were fighting so why should he go to a war. He didnt want to go to war. He wasnt made for war. He even says , I was no solider. I hated dirt and tents and mosquitoes. The sight of blood made m e queasy....... Now come on he didnt even like anything to do with outdoors what good would he even do for our country. He minds well stay home and go to school. He was overly newfangled and had too much to lose. He even got a scholarship to a good school. ... I had the world dicked - Phi Beta Kappa and Summa Cum Laude and president of the student consistency and a full ride scholarship for grad studies at Harvard. It must have been a mistake cause I was too young. a month after graduating from Macalester college. I was drafted to fight a war I hated. I was twenty-one years old, young, yes. Way too young to go to war. He was too embarrassed not to go. He was afraid to be laughed out of town. ... and it was easy to imagine people sitting around a table down at the old Gobbler Cafe on Mainstreet, c stumbleee cups poised, the conversation slowly zeroing in on the young OBrien kid, how the damned sissy had taken off for Cananda. Now think about those reasons arent very good for go ing to fight for our country.

Diamonds in the Rough :: Nature Rocks Outdoors Essays

Diamonds in the Rough Nature is full of many frightful things, from majestic mountains to carpets of flowers. There is much artistic creativity inspired by nature, but it is often of valleys, and streams. Rarely do we see the smaller pieces that make up such grand pictures. There are few people who appreciate the beauty of a single leaf, or a single drop of water. It is still rarer to find a person who finds beauty in a quaver. For most people rocks are only beautiful if polished up and set in gold or silver. I am certainly no exception, however, I am often intrigued by the lower class of rocks. It takes a child, or an vainglorious in touch with their inner child, to find the potential of the average, spot covered rock. Through the eyes of a child, each rock takes on a personality, be it a country cousin or a snooty countess. Come through the eyes of a child and experience the beauty and majesty of a rock, from the simple stone to the classy diamond. On our daily journeys we often pass by the humblest of rocks, those that decorate our gardens, or the ones that are simply buried in the dirt at the park. Most of us see a rock, if we see it all. These quiet stones are the lowest caste of the rock world, but they do not deprivation their own impressiveness. They come in all shapes and sizes, from large and beam, to small with jagged edges. They even come in different colors and patterns, swirled greys, and pale creams, deep browns, and smooth reds. Like fingerprints, or people themselves, no rock is like any other. These rocks are a chids friend, another door to the imagination. Children use them to build houses for gnomes, and roleplay they are people. We adults simply smile and indulge the child, never once looking beyond the rock. Yet sometimes I find myself imagining this plain grey rocks journey. Did it form in the bowels of the earth, from molten rock? Did it work its way to the surface over centuries of time?

A Farwell to Arms :: Essays Papers

A Farwell to ArmsFor hundreds of years, writers have used religion as a fundamental issue and point of discussion in their novels. Joseph Conrad expressed his views in Heart of Darkness, George Orwell did the same in 1984 and in other writings, and even Ernest Hemingway used his writing to develop his own ideas concerning the church. This is fully evident in his novel A Farewell to Arms. Even in a book in which the large majority of the characters profess their atheism, the ideas of the church materialize repeatedly as both characters and as topics of conversations. Religion is presented through reflections of the protagonist Lieutenant enthalpy, and through a series of encounters involving Henry and a character simply identified as the priest. Hemingway uses the treatment of the priest by the soldiers and by Henry himself to illustrate ways of approaching religion in a situation in which God has no place, and employs these encounters between the priest and other characters as a means of expressing religious views of his own. Most evident to the lector is the distinct difference between the priests relationship with Henry and that which he has with the other soldiers. Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes this in all sections of the book, even after Henry is injured, when he is completely isolated from the other soldiers. The first instance the reader sees of this is only six pages into the novel. Hemingway writes, That night in the mess after the spaghetti course the captain commenced picking on the priest (6-7). The manner in which Hemingway frames this line is suggesting that non only do the soldiers start picking on the priest, but picking on him was the predinner entertainment. Almost the same scenario is portrayed only a few pages later on The meal was finished, and the argument went on. We two stopped talking and the captain shouted, Priest not happy. Priest not happy without girls. (14)The soldiers ridicule of the priest is again highlighte d when Henry, bed-stricken with his injury, asks the priest How is the mess? (69). The priest replies I am still a great joke (69). The reader sees an obvious pattern in the relationship between the priest and the others. More important, though, than the fact that the other soldiers ridicule the priest, is for what he is ridiculed.

A Farwell to Arms :: Essays Papers

A Farwell to ArmsFor hundreds of years, writers have used religion as a fundamental issue and point of interchange in their novels. Joseph Conrad expressed his views in Heart of Darkness, George Orwell did the same in 1984 and in separate writings, and even Ernest Hemingway used his writing to develop his own ideas concerning the church. This is fully unadorned in his novel A Farewell to Arms. Even in a book in which the large majority of the characters profess their atheism, the ideas of the church materialize repeatedly as both characters and as topics of conversations. Religion is presented through reflections of the protagonist Lieutenant Henry, and through a series of encounters involving Henry and a character precisely identified as the priest. Hemingway uses the treatment of the priest by the soldiers and by Henry himself to illustrate ways of approaching religion in a plaza in which God has no place, and employs these encounters between the priest and other character s as a means of expressing religious views of his own. Most evident to the reader is the distinct deviance between the priests relationship with Henry and that which he has with the other soldiers. Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes this in all sections of the book, even after Henry is injured, when he is completely isolated from the other soldiers. The first instance the reader sees of this is simply six pages into the novel. Hemingway writes, That night in the mess after the spaghetti course the captain commenced picking on the priest (6-7). The panache in which Hemingway frames this line is suggesting that not only do the soldiers start picking on the priest, but picking on him was the predinner entertainment. Almost the same scenario is portrayed only a few pages later The meal was finished, and the argument went on. We two stopped talking and the captain shouted, Priest not happy. Priest not happy without girls. (14)The soldiers guy of the priest is again highlighted when Henry, bed-stricken with his injury, asks the priest How is the mess? (69). The priest replies I am still a great joke (69). The reader sees an obvious pattern in the relationship between the priest and the others. More important, though, than the fact that the other soldiers ridicule the priest, is for what he is ridiculed.

First Chapter of Lord of the Flies Essay

The first chapter of Lord Of the Flies introduces Ralph at the very start roaming the jungle. This contributes to the mysteriousness of the literature. Not telling you where he came from or why he is there makes the story enticing and entertaining. The author was adding to the rising action. The setting in the very beginning was the Jungle.After Ralph walks for a small amount of time, a vowel system calls out to him asking for help, and to wait up. This is another way to make the story seem mysterious. He learns it is a boy with the nickname Piggy. Piggy joins Ralph and they walk to a lagoon. There they find a conch shell and Ralph blows through the conch which then calls on an large amount of boys. The author nearly likely added this to make another curvature to the story. To show how much about the place Ralph and Piggy didnt know.When the large group arrived, a boy named Jack Merridew asked where the ship was, and where an adult was. This showed how ignorant Ralph was because h e had no clue what the conch sound meant to the people that were already there. Then Johnny and the twins Sam and Eric arrived along with many other younger and older boys. They reprimand as if they all have an education which shows they were also put here, not born here. The dialog seems modern and easily understandable, which shows that the setting is more recent than historical.Ralph is voted attraction and commands that they explore to see if where they are is an island. Accompanying Ralph is Simon and Jack. Piggy is left behind to log names, which upsets him. The reason the author wrote about the exploration is to show the others dont know where they are either. Throughout the venture, the boys are faced with a series of things in their path. They push a boulder off a cliff. The author most likely added this to show they werent hopelessly stranded on the island.The end of the chapter the boys realized they were hungry. They searched for food and found a pig, in the grips of t he creepers. The author didnt formulate what the creepers were and it made it much more elusive. Jack fails to stab the pig quick enough and he made up excuses as to why he couldnt. It shows that he isnt nearly as tough as he lead on to be. He slams his knife into the tree to show he is in accompaniment still the alpha male. The first chapter left many unanswered questions.

Air Asia Essay

INTRODUCTION Marketing Mix place Asia as a brand concept be similar to or is associated with aid stipulation, the 8Ps method adopt for service marketing may be competently espoused for its advertising. The 8Ps argon harvest-home This refers to the stuff or work to be offered by the company. In the case of channel Asia, their go is about low-priced airline services, thus the need for constant review should be bear in mind in hallow to butt the changing node expectations. Place circularize Asia are considering the issue regarding availability of services needed by the target market, i.e., current and prospective clients. As seen, Air Asia are now doing the online booking and online tag ending in which clients cigaret avail the services of Air Asia. Aside from this, the company was also committed in extending their services both over Asia. Price In terms of price, Air Asia fees were priced competitively and guaranteed at low price. Promotion Air Asias to the mellowe st degree effective ways to transport to the various target groups to stimulate greater awareness, interest and patronage are whateverwhat good but non exceptional.Air Asia are also apply TV advertisement, Internet marketing, and billboard advertising. Physical Evidence In terms of presentation, Air Asias services are exceptional. As seen in their offices and aircraft board, Air Asia are known with their well-dressed staff, logos on office doors/ business centers, letter heads, brochures, complimentary cards, consultancy reports, etc. Process With regards to the process, the business of Air Asia are well management in which makes their business system flawless and node complaints are easily handled. People When it comes to people, Air Asia chooses the best suitable person needed by the company. This means that Air Asia expertly identify the capabilities of a person that will reflect the value of Air Asia services. Public Relations Air Asia stakeholders carefully identify th e various normals that force out impact on Air Asia to which PR communicatings whoremonger be directed. Such publicsinclude individual consultants, clients, big practices, small practices, some otherwise related nonrecreational associations, relevant agencies of the United Nations, financial institutions, etc.AirAsia Key Strategies Safety First Partnering with the worlds most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations. uplifted Aircraft Utilization Implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and gameyer productivity.Low Fare, No Frills Providing guests with the choice of customizing services without compromising on quality and overhauls.Streamline Operations Making sure that processes are as simple as possible. 5.Lean Distribution System Offering a all-embracing and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and travelling easier.6.Point to Point Network Applying the point-to -point network keeps operation simple and lower costs.Gaps Model PerceivedServiceExpected ServiceCUSTOMERCOMPANYclientGapGap 1Gap 2Gap 3External Communications to CustomersGap 4ServiceDeliveryCustomer-Driven Service Designs and StandardsCompany Perceptions of Consumer Expectations The main aim of any organisation is to reduce the gap between the expected service and the perceived service i.e. the customer gap,which can be reduced by minimising the four providers gap from the company side.Customer Gap ExpectedservicePerceivedserviceCustomer GapAirAsia manages the customer expectation by using the chase strategies Customer Satisfaction Towards service quality in AirAsia Five dimension through which the service quality is measured are the following ways 1.Reliability2.Assurance3.Empathy4.Tangibility5.Responsiveness. In parliamentary law to fulfill the customers needs, the ultimate business organization for Airlines Corporation is the service offered. The contributing factor for the latter is due to the fact that only satisfied customers will get to the intent of repeat purchase (coming back again to avail the service). Additionally, they will tend to share their great experiences and benefits with their network of friends. Many people would argue that price is the most crucial element of concern among the customers. However, the service provided is closelyrelated as the most significant concern in the airlines industry. Continuous improvement in the service provided to the customers should be planned and executed to maximize the business performance.The improvement in CS for airlines industry can be linked with the measurements of service quality much(prenominal) as tangible features (TF), schedule, services provided by ground staff (GS) and flight attendants (FA), online services (OS), food services (FS) and level of passenger satisfaction. According to Brown (1991), SQ is tall(prenominal) to define because of the intangible nature of the service offering . The definition of quality may differ from situation to situation and from person to person. In this study, CS towards SQ was focused on AirAsia Malaysia. By applying the measurements of SQ like TF, schedule, services provided by GS and FS, OS, FS and level of passenger satisfaction, the researchers have set the dimension of SQ that affects the CS. This dimension serves as the most critical dimension for AirAsia. By conducting this study, the information and results have practical implications for AirAsia managers as they can manage company resources to make improvement for CS.Business Model LOW COST CARRIER (LCC) duty MODELThe low cost airlines like AirAsia have changed the definition of airlines that air travel is a luxury and it is only for the upper segment of the population. The key purpose of low cost carriers is to increase their reach and provide the services to a large segment. However, the low cost carriers are now facing some challenges in the market.AirAsia follows t he Low-Cost-Carrier (LCC) business model in the airline industry, which can be characterized as belowLow Cost Carrier (LCC) Business ModelSimple ProductCatering on demand for extra paymentPlanes with narrow seating and only a single classNo seat assignmentNo frequent flyer syllabusmes PositioningNon-business passengers, especially leisure traffic and price-conscious business passengersShort-haul point to point traffic with high frequenciesAggressive marketingSecondary airports tilt with all transport carriers Low Operating CostsLow wagesLow airport feesLow costs for maintenance, cockpit training and standby crews due to undiversified fleetHigh resource productivityShort ground waits due to simple boarding processesNo air freight, no hub services, short cleaning times, and high percentage of online salesMAJOR CHALLENGESIncreasing competition because of increasing number of low cost airline competitors, and aggressive competition against the large or traditional airline companiesCus tomer decrease because of poor economyRising of the fuel pricesHigher labor costInadequate infrastructureRoute and flight usageSafety and security issues of aircraft crash or being attackedWAYS TAKING TO IDENTIFY THEIR TARGET MARKETFor AirAsia, the following are some of element identified that AirAsia used to identify their target market and formed a niche market Branding AirAsia went into intensive General advertisements and other high profile activities, which contributed, to the high offering of their companys image. They came with a brand Now every one can fly These points of contact with their target customer help them to simulate their image, which in turn created loyalty from their customers. Philanthropy Donating money, services, and/or time can build trust and a positive image for your business. Philanthropy contributes both toward your branding efforts and toward your companys internal well-being. AirAsia embark on this to build and attract more customers. In early 200 5, AirAsia Sdn Berhad flights to select Southeast Asian destinations.The airline say that was its way of celebrating the completion of three years of successful flying and of saying thank you to the people for their support. AirAsias accomplishments and success today is a reflection of the publics trust and faith in thecompany, said Tony Fernandes (Fernandes), CEO of AirAsia. (Refer Exhibit I for AirAsias Free Seats Offer)5. With this incentive and philanthropy, more and more customers are attracted to their business New Product/services PipelineNew products in development represent your future sales. AirAsia has extended its services to different part of the world. AirAsia was initially a local company but it has become international with its extension of its services to different part of the world to meet up with their market. AirAsia get feedback from their customers or potential target market, and they designed new services to meet their needs, this practice is ensuring a deman d for their products in the future.Reduced Price SalesThis was one of the bedrock of securing a target market for AirAsia. They reduced their price to suit their class of customers. AirAsia saw a need for a lot of low pay wage citizens who could not afford the money to travel home. With the introduction of their services of low bill of fares, most people can travel home and most people that can only afford to travel once could travel up to three times with their cheaper fares. This Limited time sales encourage customers to act. You likely have customers intending to deal but have not gotten around to it. Holding a reduced price sale will give them incentive to purchase.Group Discounts and Offers.Discounts or other offers to a specific group can help exposure your business to new customers, resulting in a sales surge. AirAsia is a ticketless Airline that allows customers to purchase their ticket online with at a discounted rate. They also have a scheme of group discount and this h elp to get more target market, especially internet ground customers.Foreign workers and Contractors strategyAirAsia also target most foreign workers from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, China, Macau who may not afford the expensive flight home and offer them the cheap fare which attracted most of them as would go home very often without paying much.PROMOTION In the context of the marketing mix, promotion represents the various aspects of marketing communication, that is, the communication of information about the product with the goal of generating a positive customer response. Marketing Communication decisions More recently, AirAsia struck an advertising deal with Time, which will have the local mobile phone operators logo painted on one of AirAsias planes. Moreover, there will be more of these, as well as advertisements on pull-down trays.Again it is obvious that AirAsia started offering fares that were unheard of in Malaysia, people were lining up for hours Provider Gap-1 Listen ing Gap CUSTOMERCOMPANYCustomerGapGAP 1Company Perceptions of Consumer ExpectationsPerceived workExpected Services Customer Relationship Management (CRM) In long term, customer relationships should be fostered for AirAsia to maintain competitive advantage and profitability. When planning and implementing CRM application, management is recommended the following approaches1. Customer breakdown mileage-based segmentation is inadequate, rather should focused on value-based and needs-based approaches can guideinvestment decisions and drive greater insight into the needs of highvalue customers. 2. CRM initiative development to differentiate from other competitors, AirAsia should not adopt the fast follower approach to CRM initiative development, i.e. learning from other competitors approach (e.g.installing kiosks for fast check-in). AirAsia should implement CRM program in favor of investing in initiatives with a high return, which respond to the needs and desires of their own custome rs 3. Organizational design and management AirAsia needs to train the employees, empowering them with a complete view of the customer and clearly articulating the employees role in the CRM strategy.Customer Relationship Program (key Functions) Traveling planning Site personalization for on-line customer to create travel plan, bundled services information, flight notification systems, and gate information displays etc. Reservations and ticketing ITA search engines, roving agent check-in, kiosks, internet check-in, and phone check-in etc. Frequently flyer program membership-based or point-based rewarding scheme offering to the applicable customers.Campaign management Email campaigns and promotion.Customer care Web-based self service such as e-ticket booking and reservation, online baggage tracing, RFID baggage tags, internet in lounge, and in air Internet services. Business intelligence Dynamic, updated, multi-dimensional reports that helps management to do analytics in various areas such as customer profiles.AirAsia Brand value Pyramid Employees And Customer Role In Service Encounter 1.Customer Role The Consumer Role of DependenceOne experiential role for some consumers is being dependent period receiving service. The theme of dependence arose during informants discussions of consuming a service in which they have limited knowledge or expertise. The dependent consumer purports under fire(predicate) and uncomfortable in the service setting and needs the service employee to provide guidance and assistance during consumption as illustrated in the following interview excerpts I felt more secure because Im getting a service done that I have no idea about. He do me heart at ease like he was in control, like he knew what was going on. When you dont know anything about something you want to feel that way. You know like a doctor should make you feel that way. Its the same kind of thing.When you buy a tennis racket theres a lot of stuff you want to know. Atfirst I was nervous to read this guy. Hes a pro. What if I ask him a stupid question. Will he think Im an idiot or something. I didnt want to ask him any questions. Then he started talking to me, explaining about the tension of the racket, stuff like that. He made me feel more comfortable right away. It makes you feel more comfortable to ask questions. The Consumer Role of AutonomyIn contrast to the dependent consumer stands the autonomous consumer. The theme of autonomy was revealed most frequently in informants descriptions of shopping in retail stores, where they indicated a desire to be on their own while shopping for clothing. Self service is an essential and desired part of their consumption experience.2.Employee Role The Consumer Role of interdependency The Employee Role of Cooperation The emergent themes of mutuality and cooperation are discussed together to emphasize their close interrelationship. It is difficult to tease apart differences in the meaning of mutuality and coop eration since the two themes decrease together within the interview dialogue. Mutuality represents the consumers role in the service encounter, while cooperation describes the service employees role. The themes of mutuality and cooperation emerged for the most part while informants were describing satisfying service experiences. Consumers received their desired service with the mutual cooperation of the service employee. The service encounter takes on an air of synergy and coordination as exhibited in the following two passages Its satisfying because of the interaction by the waiters. They make the fondue at the table. They explain all the different ingredients that they are putting in there.It makes you feel important since theyre taking the time to talk to you. Its the interaction rather than at a place where they just come and take your order and then come back with your food. (wf, mid 20s) I went to a car stereo place. The person there like totally helped me. I could tell he wa snt just trying to get me to buy the most expensive one. He was looking for what I wanted. He didnt immediately start show me top of the line things. He said, what was it about your old car stereo that you liked? What features were the most important to you? That made me feel comfortable that he was not just trying to make a buck. He was reallylooking to get what I wanted and needed. These passages reveal a sense of care and concern for the consumer by the service employee.The consumer is given a sense of status and importance that results from the service employees treatment. The relationship moves beyond the mere interaction of consumer and service employee to a mutual process of human cooperation and coordination. The roles of mutuality and cooperation may come closest to representing the ideal of service quality. Consumers and service employees understand their roles and work together in prominent and receiving service. Informants satisfying experience arose from interacting w ith employees who were responsive, assuring, and empathetic while providing service.

Alliant health system Essay

From my point of view no strategy is perfectly sound. There are some or other lacking points in every strategy. In case of alliants strategy, although they have made quite advancements but in last 5yrs they have hit a few unexpected obstacles and drawbacks that has staggered their progress. alliants were only been able to baffle the base. The working of alliants was facing the problem of in cordiality to the total quality management philosophy.For alliants to eliminate the problem the quality process still fills a jumpstart ,even the physicians show broader there view point, murder of an IT system that fully supports total quality management by getting them the selective information and the important facts it need to have to in cooperate innovation in future in their organisation. Even the CEO wolford said that he cannot talk about any wizard area which is doing substantially well than its competitors. alliants were finding a problem to get plans into implementation. Even as per the statistics the unable to monitor rate was around 2% to 70%.How well have they implemented the quality strategy? Alliants thought of a new action plan to introduce total quality management with the befriend of quality management team with a 10 pointer action setup. This time they were determent that the implementation of plans takes up systematically. Mainly 4 area of TQM strategy were taken of well. 1) CARES+ this process was implemented all across the alliants. This helped in shifting from the traditional system of the planning to the improvement of the quality which was highly efficient. 2) EQUIP- this was an idea to perish voice to the employees.They were allowed to share their point of view and give their ideas, innovations and communicate with the higher management of the organisation. 3) . Quality Improvement Teams- these teams brought the technicality and specific analytical tools to bring implementation in action. 4) . Critical Paths 3. Evaluate their information tec hnology needs. Believed information technology (I/T) is a key in the future strength of TQM Need expert systems computers to help the mind Was a shift in focus to forbearing-oriented systems rather than functional, stove pipe applications that met narrow departmental needs.Physicians, clinical support professionals, and administrators could share information and chock up continuous improvement in service HELP offered advice on possible diagnoses, cost-effective treatments, resource scheduling, and drug contraindications. New I/T strategy offered momentous advantages over Alliants existing patchwork of stand-alone systems System worked concurrently advice was available as patient was being treated Had the potential to improve coordination dramatically by collecting data from all corners of the hospital into a single patient-centered system 4. Would you proceed with HELP?From my point of view, yes we should proceed with HELP. As this improving the quality, miserliness time and even the paper. This system has helped the hospital in making the whole organisation a one working unit. This is basically a single patient orient system that has all the information about every patient who has been admitted in any of their hospital in any other area. This has eliminated the repeated data and has been proved to be more productive, efficient and well organised. 5. What would you do to make sure implementation is successful? The steps which i would take will request

Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Chennai City

Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Chennai urban center, Tamil Nadu, India A Status Update Joseph Thomas, Chief engine room Officer, Villgro, Chennai, India 3H, IIT Madras query Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India 600113. Telephone +91 44 6663 0400, emailemailprotected org, mobile +91 98840 49116 Key Words rain down piss harvesting, Sustainable piddle supply, urban fresh water. Abstract Chennai city, one of the major metropolises of India, is situated at the northern coastal edge of the State of Tamil Nadu. The city is to a greater extent well-known by its older name of Madras.Currently, Chennai is inhabited by more than 7 million populate in an area of 176 sq km. Water supply for this population is maintained by tapping a combination of pop storage reservoirs and aquifers. The Chennai Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB), a statutory body established in 1978, is credi 2rthy for water supply and sewerage services in the Chennai Metropolitan Area. The main sources of in the usual eye(predicate) water supply in the city are the three reservoirs Poondi, Redhills and Cholavaram with an centre storage capacity of 175 million cubic metres (MCM).The other(a) major resource is acreswater from the well-fields in the Araniar-Kortaliyar landmark and the southern coastal aquifer, and as well a vainglorious number of wells and tube-wells spread all across the city ( issue 1). Over-extraction of groundwater resulted in a rapid ingress of seawater, which ext residueed from 3 km inshore in 1969 to 7 km in 1983 and 9 km in 1987i. Groundwater levels within the city also fell and brackish water began to appear, even in localities which preferably had good quality groundwater sources.The CMWSSB calculates water availability based on bulge and aquifer contributions infra its direct control. Since it perceived reservoirs and other surface supply as more significant for a long time, very little attention was paid to subsurface storage or ground water recharge. As an outcome of research, through with(p) by s eeral agencies the CMWSSB embarked on a campaign to create ground water recharge facilities in the city, and later throughout the State. This led to significant qualifys in ground water levels and to the quantum of water available to the population of a growing metropolis. picFigure 1. Introduction The Chennai Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) is solely prudent for providing drinking water and sewerage services to the residents of Chennai. One of Indias major metropolises, Chennai is situated at the northern coastal edge of the State of Tamil Nadu. The city is more well-known by its older name of Madras. Currently, Chennai is inhabited by more than 7 million people in an area of 176 sq km. The CMWSSB depends on surface reservoirs and ground water sources to maintain water supply to the residents.Supply is maintained through multiple means. Since Chennai is essentially low-lying and water supply is intermittent, most residents build hush-hush sumps that store the water. Subsequently, the water is pumped up to an oerhead tank. In other cases, water tankers are dispatched by CMWSSB to various localities and the sumps are filled from the tankers. In other localities, CMWSSB has put in place above-ground water tanks and these are filled by the water tankers.In yet other places, residents collect water directly from the tanker, see Figure 2. pic Figure 2 Drinking water collection from tankers directly by residents. Despite the seemingly abundant sources of water, Chennai suffers continuously from water stress since the entire basin is dependent on rainfall. The annual rainfall in Chennai is 1200 mm ii. This quantum is, assumption the size of the Chennai basin, sufficient to meet the needs of the population. The business is with the distribution of the rainfall.There are two rainy seasons in Chennai. The first is the Southwest monsoon, which has patchy rains and c ontributes about 25% of the total rain and falls between May and September. This does not do untold for ground water recharge. However, the Northwest Monsoon (Oct to Dec) is usually characterized by a series of draws that brings the remaining 75% of total rain in extremely short bursts. During this time, Chennai is addicted to pig outing and, before 2003, a large part of this water would have been lost as run-off into the sea.CMWSSB traditionally focused its attention on increasing surface storage, transporting fresh water from long distances. Like the Telugu Ganga project probably one of the longest canals built for water supply to the city that failed to ease the water problem. another(prenominal) attempt was to divert water from Chembaramabakkam and Veeranam tanks whereby the water rights of the agrarian residential district were infringed. Drilling of borewells in the Cuddalore belt and installation of turbine pumps to tap 100mld whereby the groundwater which again support s the local agriculture community was depleted.None of these solutions were sustainable in the long run and yet CMWWSSB paid very little attention to ground water recharge that had that potential. In 1997, at the Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC), Chennai, iii a study was assoiled to understand the user experience. The study surveyed 10,000 households in 155 corporation wards of Chennai. The focus was on how residents get their water needs met and how the water is utilised. Raw data from this study was further analyzed by Dr. A Vaidyanathan and J. Saravanan iv.These studies clearly established that the contribution of ground water could be as spirited as 80% in some cases. The next section go out take up a quick summary of the research and the subsequent sections will deal with the steps taken by CMWSSB and other civil society organisations to get rain water harvesting introduced. The final section will break the results of these efforts on the ground water tabl e. The research and changes The survey conducted by MCRC was across 10,000 households, re awarding a roughly 1 percent sample.Another 2500 surveys across, business, educational, institutional, governmental and industrial establishments were undertaken between September, 1995 and January, 1996. The compendium phase took up another year. The main recommendations of the study were to a) gain public participation in water conservation and ground water recharge b) enkindle and propagate water saving/replacement technologies in the domestic sector c) use surface water to reduce ground water usage d) encourage ground water recharge by adoption of low-cost water harvesting ystems, cleaning of water-ways and renovation of existing recharge structures, much(prenominal) as temple tanks. In 1999 a National Water Harvesters earnings was set up by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) water harvesters advisory committee in New Delhi. Members suggested that a regional interlock be in itiated in Tamil Nadu to promote rainfall harvesting in Chennai v. Professor M. S. Swaminathan, provided office space for the network unit in Chennai and Prof. A. Vaidyanathan agreed to chair the group.The Tamil Nadu unit of the national water-harvesting network was launched in April 1999. The network was meant to (i) provide an opportunity for individuals and institutions actively engaged in water harvesting, in Chennai, to share their knowledge and experience and promote free and open interaction among them and (ii) to reach out to a wider public in the city and outside to propagate the role of urban rainwater harvesting in terms of technology, experience and its potential contribution in meeting urban water needs. It was Prof.Vaidyanathan who then asked for the raw data from the MCRC study and did his own assertion of the data and analysis. In the background paper that came out of the analysis 3 the following was stated The present paper is meant to give an overview of the prese nt and future needs of the city, the limited and expensive s administer for augmenting surface supplies, the need for a two-pronged strategy of conservation/recycling and Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) to increase ground water recharge. This confirmed the results of the MCRC study.Both the MCRC study and the CSE study highlighted the dependence of people on multiple sources for their water exercise quite than just CMWSSB and the heavy dependence on groundwater by both. Thus the RWH campaign was backed up by strong research results of MCRC and CSE. These studies were necessary to convince the public and the policy makers. It should be mentioned here that the then Chairman and Managing Director of CMWSSB, Ms. Shanta Sheela Nair understood these results and backed the RWH movement fully. In a 2006 publication vi Prof. Vaidyanathan and his colleague, J.Saravanan summarized the action of the government as follows In Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, the growing dependence on groundwat er since the 1970s is evident in the sinking of increasing numbers of open wells and wooden-headed bore wells. This trend, a symptom of the increasing water scarcity in the city, led to a progressive decline in groundwater levels as well as seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Faced with this crisis, the State government passed the Chennai Groundwater Regulation Act in 1987, which sought mainly to curb the commercial groundwater developing within the city limits.In 2001, rainwater harvesting (RWH) became mandatory in multi-storeyed buildings. The unprecedented and severe droughts in the ensuing two years intensified the groundwater crisis to such a degree that, in August 2003, the government passed an ordinance making RWH mandatory for all buildings (existing and new) in the city and throughout the State. It further set a deadline of October 31, 2003 for this fulfil to be completed. A vigorous publicity drive convinced the public that the government was serious about implement ing the programme and providing technical advice and help in the normal and construction of RWH structures.This led to unprecedented activity across the towns and cities of the State, especially Chennai city, and the programme was seen as successful. In this endeavour, however, very few turned to the municipal corporation, private consultants or NGOs with the relevant expertise for assistance in contriveing and building their RWH structures. Most relied on plumbers or their own expertise. Independent experts pointed out several(prenominal) problems with the programme, noting that ) the time given for the execution of this ordinance was too short b) there were far too few professionals with the knowledge and experience needed to design appropriate systems for the widely alter conditions c) the supply of trained and skilled labour to implement the works was also inadequate to cope with the scale and speed of the programme d) the availability of quality materials for implementation was also inadequate and e) there was hardly any systematic follow-up to check the quality of the works reported to be completed.There were widespread but unproved reports that, simply in order to meet the stipulations, grossly inadequate RWH structures had been put in place the capacity as well as quality of design and implementation leaving much to be desired. This was an instance of decentralisation that, despite the presence of a felt need, occurred without adequate consultation. The legislation in encounter of RWH was welcome but the actual programme was poorly implemented and monitored. Although the programme applied to all classes of housing, it ignored those living in in gradal settlements such as slums within the city limits.These areas could have benefited from RWH in public building and public spaces an aspect that veritable very little attention. Moreover, no steps were taken under this programme to reclaim tanks and wetlands in the city that, in the past, not only f unctioned as recharge structures but were also used as sources of domestic water by communities. The Government has since 2009 been working towards cleaning up the waterways of Chennai. This effort has seen the government draw on municipal corporation, private consultants and NGOs with the relevant expertise to work on this massive effort.There is a project with an outlay of Rs 1,400 crore (approx US $300 million) to make the city flood-freevii. In March 2010 the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority held a Seminar on Waterways in Chennai. The proceedings viii contain a list of 36 recommendations and some of them are re-produced here 1. The sequence of actions to tackle the problem may be (a) flood alleviation (b) prevention of pollution to the waterways (c) cleaning up of the waterways by removing encroachments & obstructions (d) restoration / returns to the waterways and its continued maintenance. . Floods are opportunities to augment ground water recharge to be facilitat ed by construction of check dams, filter wells, and underground tunnels/storage reservoirs, if the soil conditions and slopes permit. 3. Flood plains should be developed along the waterways in the areas outside the towns and cities, adopting the retention model, as a solution against flood hazards these flood plains could be developed as parks or green belts for recreation such as camp sites. 4. Eco-engineering should also be adopted as a solution to bring nature back and rejuvenate the rivers. 5.It is recommended that corporate sector participation, and general public participation, in planning and improvement of lakes and rivers should be encouraged. Cleaning up of rivers and conservation of water bodies should be thought of as a movement with the participation of all stakeholders including the general public. 6. Adequate public awareness about the hazards of pollution of water bodies and the remedial measures has to be created by organizing community education campaigns. Getting the citizens involved is important, Saving Waterways should become a peoples movement. . Use of sewage for power generation and recycling of waste water should be encouraged. 8. Area development plans prepared at micro level, such as Detailed Development Plans, should contain plans for ground water recharge, at least in large premises such as schools and public places. Sustainability measures should form part of the Integrated River Restoration Plans. What is evident here is that the outcomes of studies take time to percolate down to the agencies mandated to make the changes required for sustainability. It also requires a good measure of political will.Much of the change of attitude of governmental institutions can also be traced backed to strong political thrust to implement the changes. Results Data on change in groundwater quantity and quality has to be presented here, mostly based on media stories. Some researchers feel that the effects of rain water harvesting and subsequent g round water recharge are so noticeable that quantifying is not a priority. The Table below (Figure 3) shows the number of rain water harvesting structures built by the Corporation of Chennai, as reported on its website. Rain Water Harvesting done by Corporation of Chennai Corporation owned buildings 1344 Structures Flyovers and Bridges 29 Structures sluttish low-lying areas 242 Structures Road Margins 945 Structures Corporation Streets 2698 Structures Corporation pond 1 No. Temple Tanks 16 Nos. Residential / Commercial / Institution Buildings 329959 Buildings Figure 3ix An article promulgated in a leading daily in Chennai, The Hindu, dated January, 31 2009 had many interesting points to make about the results of RWH and ground-water recharge. x The CMWSSB study of 759 RWH observatory wells shows that ever since the installation of RWH structures in about 500,000 of its consumer households was made mandatory in 2004, there has been a 50 per cent initiation in the water level. According to the CMWSSB officials, over the last five years, the water level across the city has gone up by three to six metres. Similarly, the water quality in several areas has also showed improvement. The sustained normal rainfall since 2004 and the proper maintenance of RWH structures in most households have been the principal reasons. Following the drought period in 2003, when Chennai received only about 690 mm of rainfall as against its normal of 1,200 mm, the water table had receded and, on an average, was at 7-8 metres below ground. In many places it was at 10 m depth and, in some, it was at 10 m.Following a good monsoon (2,064 mm) in 2005 and rainwater harvesting, the ground water table saw an appreciable rise in several areas and the water table reached 1 m depth below ground. The total dissolved solids (TDS), which were earlier as high as 4,900 separate per million (ppm) in some areas, dropped to permissible levels of 500 ppm, greatly improving the quality of wate r (see Figure 4). pic Figure 410 Before the onset of every monsoon, Metrowater officials conduct a random check of the RWH structures for their maintenance and create awareness about the need to keep these in good shape. Harnessing of rainwater that gets collected in storm water drain network would help reduce the inundation on roads and large volumes of water draining into sea every year..Unless rainwater runoff in both public and private spaces in the city is harnessed, Chennai may lose out on the precious resource and may end up with water problems during the summer months, note rain-water harvesting experts. Conclusions This presentation has tried to show that it takes many years of persistent effort to address a problem in civil society. In Chennai, and indeed the whole of Tamil Nadu, the problem was one of water stress. Research showed that the available rainfall could help people cope but fresh water from the rain was being lost to the sea. Based on this, a proposal was made that ground water recharge was a possible, low-cost solution. This proposal had to be championed. Prof. Vaidyanathan and the then Chairman of CMWSSB, Shanta Sheela Nair, did just that.They showed with great determination and several pilot studies that rain water harvesting would be viable and worthwhile. They managed to convince the government of this, and RWH became a statutory requirement for all buildings in the state. Monitoring the quantity and quality of the ground water has shown the significant changes this legislation has brought in. As a side-effect a greater understanding of the need to clean, preserve and secure all types of fresh water bodies has prevailed among the political circles, bureaucracy, NGOs and civil society. The people have also shown great resolve in implementing the solution since it directly affects their lives.The type of study conducted by MCRC and CSE can be a methodology to assess the water sources, consumption pattern, per capita availability and r equirement particularly in developing countries. This way the water supply system can be better planned and implemented to be sustainable. References i http//www. rainwaterharvesting. org/Crisis/Urbanwater-scenario. htm ii Balakrishnan, T. , Technical Report Series District Groundwater Brochure, Chennai District, Tamil Nadu. Central Ground Water Board, South East Coastal Region, Chennai, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, November 2008. Published by Regional Director, CGWB, SECR, E-1, Rajaji Bhavan, Besant Nagar, Chennai -600090, Tel+9144 24912941/24914494, Fax +9144 24914334 Web www. cgwb. gov. in email emailprotected in iii Thomas, Joseph, Sustainable Fresh Water Supply for Madras (now Chennai) City, India (Contract No. S$P/95/0042) final examination report submitted to UNICEF, 73, Lodi Estate , New Delhi 110 003, Printed by Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre, Tharamani, Madras (now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India 600 113, May 1997. iv A. Vaidyanathan & J. Sa ravanan, Chennais Water Supply Problems and Prospects (A background paper) National Water Harvestors Network Tamil Nadu Unit, Centre for Science and Environment. (undated circa 2000) v http//www. manage. gov. in/managelib/extdig/Jul99Water. htm vi Vaidyanathan, A. with Saravanan, J. The Urban Water Scene A Case Study -Water Situation in Chennai City in A.Vaidyanathan, Indias Water Resources Contemporary Issues on Irrigation. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 209-247 (2006). vii http//www. business-standard. com/india/news/tn-govt-to-takers-1400-cr-flood-control-project/397769/ viii http//www. cmdachennai. gov. in/pdfs/SeminarOnWaterways/1. pdf ix http//www. chennaicorporation. gov. in/departments/storm-water-drain/introduction. htm x http//www. hindu. com/pp/2009/01/31/stories/2009013150010100. htm Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the Villgro Innovations Foundation for the time given to write this paper. The precious inputs from J. Saravanan also gave the autho r the confidence to make some of the conclusions presented here.

Globalization and the new world food crisis Essay

Since the dawn of civilization, man has constantly ventured and made developments for his betterment. Mans fundamental need like any otherwise animal on the planet has been his food. Initially man devised new hunting skills and innovate new weapons to hunt and feed. As time passed by he understood the basics of agriculture and ended his nomadic life. This was a turning point in mankind and the need for evolution food to survive was well understood. With the passing of more time, agricultural science was used to enhance agricultural outputs with most of the countries at least going d star one form of agricultural revolution.The need for food is still an essential need in this world full of engineering and finances. Globalization brought the world walk-to(prenominal) and resources of one country started being used for resources or capital from other country. The concept of open bargain became evitable and food was traded in plenty. It didnt matter, where one was and could buy v egetables and fruits from other countries. Staying in the United States of America once could confirm Chinese mandarins. This was the extent in which world(prenominal)isation had upsurge trade amongst countries.Today the scenario has changed drastically, regular though there is trade available, there is a major scarcity of food available in the world to be traded. The surplus quota of food which always used to be exported by countries is now being used for keeping out in reserves and in storage. Today the prices of exports have reached as gritty as 80% of the original cost as the other countries have started banning exports. Food today has become more expensive and scarcer than oil and other extinguishing resources. Today the world has entered into a new world food crises.Prices of bread in grocery store have changed and risen more in a week that it has over the old age. It is a very fleshy piazza and the world is in serious mess for it. Food prices have really so ard up mak ing it very difficult for buyers in terms of finances, but they still have to buy it as it is food and one cannot live without food. It has been estimated that wheat prices are up by 120%, rice prices are up by 75% and it has been efficiently calculated by experts that on an average a sorry family today is spending 80% of its income on food.Food which is a basic necessity for a man to survive is a matter for daily crusade for closely billion people. Because of this callous increase in food pricing, there has been huge increasing in malnutrition and it has been estimated that more than 3. 5 million children are demise per year because of food shortage. Further more the food crisis, which had been lingering around for some time, but somehow world leaders failed to acknowledge it and due to which about 100 million people have crossed below the poverty line in the last 2 years. The situation is considered to be very grave as this problem is here to stay at least till 2015.This probl em is there for in the future as situations have been created where food volition become more expensive than gold. The situation has now been officially declared out of hand situation and rapid measures are expected to control the situation at least for the near future. Globalization has been of the main issues that has caused this food crisis in the world. Everything being connected if has its advantages then it also has a lot of disadvantages. Today because of globalization and inter national trade every country is dependent on some country for its commodities and export.One thing that was clear in the world was not everything could be made in one country, so it has to be bought from another country. Today if natural disaster strikes at one country and if that country is one of the biggest exporters of a particular food item, then it is seen that prices of that food item goes up in the international market. Today the sorrow of one country is proportional to international markets. For congresswoman an example of how globalization affects the food crisis is seen below The price of maize has never been higher, and the future has seldom seemed rosier.Carleton is booming, with $200-million put up for a new bio fuel mill and, after years in the doldrums, there is full-time, well-paid work for 50 people. The same fields that surround houses may be bringing new money to country-bred America, but they are also helping to push up the price of bread in Manchester, tortillas in Mexico City and beer in Madrid as Challenged by President George provide to produce 133-billion liters of non-fossil transport fuels by 2017 to reduce United States dependency on imported oil, thousands are patriotically turning the US edible lemon belt from the bread basket of the world into anenormous fuel tank. Only a year ago, their maize mostly went to cattle feed or was exported as food aid. Come harvest time, almost all will end up at the new plant at Carleton, where it will be ferme nted to draw ethanol (Yale Global). Globalization has taken its toll on fossil fuels. Today its known that fossil fuels will extinguish in the coming years and the world might come to a halt. For this scientist devised ways of making bio fuels with the help of clavus and maize.As the current United States of Americas president George Bush has vowed to stop imports of oil and fossil fuel from other nations by 2017, he has started a massive operation for making the country self equal on bio fuel. This has made the farmers giving away corn and wheat for the production of the fuel. The United States of America had made special subsidy for the American farmers to compete with globalize rate and due to which actual wheat producing nations like Mexico had to lose out on its farming out wheat and corn as because of the amount of international trade norms imposed due to United States of America.Because of that farmers in Latin America had major crisis for their wheat and became dependent of the American policy. Today when America is giving away its corn and wheat production for making away bio fuel, bread has become a major issue for the world and the following will explain problems created by it for worthless countries Ever since the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund broke down trade barriers in the global south-thus opening the gates for the dumping of subsidize grain from the U.S. and Europe-farmers in poor countries have steadily been driven out of business. Under the banner of comparative advantage, galore(postnominal) poor countries that had previously been self sufficient in food were turned as a conscious matter of US foreign policy into food importing countries. entirely with the U. S. hoarding its corn and selling the rest of its food dear, these nations are left holding the poor end of an expensive stick (Eric Holt-Gimenez).After America, Australia is one biggest wheat production nation on the world and is also a large responsibility for the worlds food production. Globalization has taken its toll on the environment. Today industries and technology have shifted to a new level often overlooking environmental issues. This high amount of globalization has accelerated the phenomenon of global warming which itself is responsible for many issues. Because of global warming, there suns rays are directly affecting the planet through the depleting ozone.This rise in temperature brings in lots of disasters on its way, like meting of polar caps, abrupt changes of climate and worst of all no rain but more heat. Because of the globalization Australia has been suffering more lately and it is having multiple year droughts. These droughts caused by global warming are taking its toll on the wheat productions making the wheat and corn an expensive item for the world. The following will explain the hold in of Australias wheat woes.After America, Australia is normally the second largest exporter of grain, and in a good year it would h ope to harvest about 25 million tones. But the country remains in the grip of the worst drought in a century, which is why the 2006 crop yielded only 9. 8m tones. Last year saw one of the best starts to a growing season for years, but dry weather in recent weeks has forced the Australian government to slash its crop forecasts by 30% (BBC).Globalization has taken its toll on two massive exporters of wheat and since these two countries are affected it becomes very hard for the world as the remaining wheat that is available becomes very expensive making it impossible for poor people to think of having bread. Hard as it may seem to look at but it is quiet true now that globalization has been the food stealer of the world. Today many people are being pushed below poverty lines as they cannot afford to buy food and the deaths related with starvation or malnutrition has increased to new heights.Everything is proportional to every activity in the world and since the prices of wheat have so ared up, people are getting poorer and the buying capacity of people is getting directly affected because of it. The following piece will shed light on the relationship of poverty and globalization The relationship between globalization and poverty is complex, Harrison acknowledges, yet she says that a number of persuasive conclusions may be drawn from the studies in Globalization and Poverty. One conclusion is that the relationship depends not just ontrade or financial globalization but on the interaction of globalization with the rest of the economic environment investments in human capital and infrastructure, promotion of credit and technical assistance to farmers, worthy institutions and governance, and macroeconomic stability, including flexible exchange place and Globalization and Poverty yields several implications. First, impediments to exports from developing countries worsen poverty in those countries. Second, careful targeting is necessary to address the poor in differen t countries who are possible to be hurt by globalization (Matt Nesvisky)

Mcdonald’s franchisee

McDonalds Corporation is leading global intellectual nourishmentservice retails with more than 30,000 local restaurants by serving 52 one thousand million people in more than 100 countries per day. Besides more than 70% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are featureed and operated by independent local workforce and women. The corporation founded by Ray Kroc and it is continued with McDonalds vision with global brand image.McDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants supply and selling of like hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, French fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. It also offers salads, fruit, snack wraps and carrot sticks. The company suits American way of life. And it is globally grow and has many international markets. The decision of McDonalds franchises restaurants depends of the selection of candidates and the management in that country where the restaurant is located makes it locally.McDonalds restaur ant it is an best opportunity to own the restaurant. While selecting the organization seeks the individuals who have business experience with capability of undertaking multiple business units. At present that company has more than 2400 Owner/Operators outlets thereby growing the business and making money.Two options available to have the Franchise with McDonalds Corporation. Purchase of EXISTING RESTAURANT from McDonalds Corporation or from a McDonalds Owner/operator OR purchase of NEW RESTAURANT. Initial down payment is necessary to have franchise. 40% of the total cost is required for New Restaurant and 25% of total cost for existing restaurant required. The down payment can be accepted cash, securities, bonds, debentures, vested profit share etc.The total cost varies from restaurant to restaurant. However $250,000 non-borrowed personal resources required. The remaining balance should be payable by the buyer with a term of not more than seven years. During the term of franchise , the buyer has to pay the fees to the McDonalds in the type of service fee i.e. 4% which is based on restaurants gross sales performance and Rent which is also based on monthly sales.Training also provided to the buyers between 9 to 24 months. McDonalds give training to the franchisees and others at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. It is also expected that average revenue per store is $633,000. . Recently McDonalds issued circular that the sign franchisee fee is $45,000. it is also estimated that the initial investment required for a traditional restaurant ranges from $730,750 to $1,549,000.UFOCIn the United States, all Franchisee agreements fall under the jurisdiction of a state and federal laws. whence Franchisers are required by the Federal Trade Commission to have a Uniform Franchise Offering Circular (UFOC). While going for franchise, date that it is complied with UFOC i.e. Uniform Franchise Offering Circular. It is a legal document and necessarily to be used i n the United States.The Franchisers must give a UFOC to franchisees at least 10 business days before any contract is signed and before any money transaction between each other. The documents contains all(prenominal) information about a franchiser and includes the following1.The Franchiser, its Predecessors and Affiliates2.Identity and Business Experience of Key persons3. Litigation history4. Bankruptcy5. Initial Franchise Fee6. Other Fees and Expenses7. Franchisees initial investment8. Restrictions on sources of products and services9. Obligations of the Franchiser10. Territory11.Trademarks12.Patents and Copyrights13.Obligation to the Franchisee to participate in the actual operation of the financial business14. Restrictions on goods and services offered by the franchisee.15.Renewal, Termination, Repurchase, qualifying and/transfer of the franchise agreement16. Public figures17. Earnings claims18.List of Franchise outlets19.Financial statements20. ContractsCONCLUSIONMcDonalds allo ws giving the franchises to the US applicants and well as non-U.S. applicants who are outside of the U.S. The McDonalds franchise can be taken by any type of persons like individuals i.e. proprietorship, companies, partnership firms etc. The McDonalds Corporation business model is divergent from other fast food chains. The other fast food corporations will collect only Franchise fees, supplies, and percentage of sales. But the McDonalds Corporation collects stock split also besides others. The Franchise agreement with McDonalds indicates that the corporation owns the properties on which most McDonalds Franchises are located.REFERENCE1.http//www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/mcd_faq/franchising.html2. http//www.mcfun.com/3. www.entrepreneur.com4.http//www.franchiseprospector.com/franchising-trends/mcdonalds-franchise-profile.php5. http//www.goldlawgroup.com/McDonalds-Franchises.html

Family Health Assessment Essay

The Smiths have been married for twenty years and have an eighteen year emeritus son and sixteen year old daughter. I formatted open minded focussed questions based on Gordons eleven functional health pattern assessments to interview the family. These questions are included with this authorship for review. This paper will discuss each of these eleven functional health pattern assessments and how it relates to my chosen family. Health perception relates to what health means to this family. Are they having any(prenominal) health issues, how do they maintain their health and where do they receive most of their health education?This family has few active health problems at this time and none of the family members currently take any medications, except OTC meds for headaches etc. ma is overweight and is aware of this and has an action plan. soda pop is a heavy smoker, smoking two packs per day for the last forty years He does not recognize this as a health problem and does not want to quit. E actuallyone is up to assure with vaccinations and sees their physician as needed. They have good health and dental insurance coverage. twain parents drink alcohol on occasion scarcely not to excess. cardinal year old son has drunk alcohol on occasion but has abstained since receiving a DUI last year at the age of seventeen. mammary gland is a Registered Nurse who oversees familys general health care and health promotion. Family consider themselves Christian but does not attend church regularly. Nutrition assessment is focused on the patterns of food and fluid consumption relative to metabolic needs (Kriegler& angstromHarton, 1992). Dads diet lacks fruits and vegetables which he refuses to eat, so diet consists of meat and carbohydrates. Mom on the other hand is Vegetarian who does eat fish occasionally.Mom is overweight, has a diet plan but fails due to lack of willpower and engageing night shift. Family does not commonly eat breakfast except occasionally on weeken ds. The children eat lunch at school, mom is asleep and dad will fix himself a snack. All family members take a perfunctory multivitamin. Mom tries to prepare meals in the crock-pot when she gets home in morning for evening meal. If she is too tired or doesnt do Dad will usually order fast food like pizza. Sleep and rest assessment focus is on the individuals sleep, rest and peacefulness practices (Kriegler&Harton,1992).Mom works twelve hour night shifts 5-6 days per week and has 1hour commute each way to work. She is obligated to attend meetings at to the lowest degree one day per week for about 1 hour at end of her shift. She tries to prepare the evening meal each morning before she goes to bed. On a good day she gets 6 hours sleep, on days off she sometimes uses Benadryl to assist sleep. Dad is unemployed but is an early riser, usually awake by 0530 so likes to be in bed by 2100. Both children like to stay up late and must be boost to sleep as they have school. Elimination is focused on excretory patterns (Kriegler&Harton, 1992).Dad has no problems and has day-by-day bowel movements. Mom tends to either be constipated or have diarrhea, she also reports moderate bladder leakage. Both children report no issues with elimination. Activity and exercise assessment is focused on the activities of daily living, exercise and leisure activities (Kriegler&Harton, 1992). Dad is unemployed so keeps up with the yard work and some housekeeping, but has no formal exercise regimen. Mom works long hours on night shift so feels she has no time for an exercise program as this would eat into her sleep hours.Both children are active with school sports such as football, cheerleading, volleyball and track. On weekends sometimes the family will go camping or kayaking. The family has a pool which Mom uses daily when the weather permits. Cognitive and sensory perception is the assessment that focuses on the ability to comprehend and use information and on sensory functi on (Kriegler&Harton, 1992). Dad has a GED but no higher education, he is a USMC veteran of the Vietnam War, and he is a well read individual with above average intelligence.Mom obtained her nurse education oversea and is currently studying for her BSN. Neither have any memory problems buts Dads mom had Alzheimers so this worries him. Both children are average students with no aspirations to go to college at present. Mom wears contact lenses, Dad wears glasses, and both children have no sensory deficits. Dad is also meagerly hard of hearing related to his military career. Self perception assessment is focused on an individuals attitude towards self such as body image, self esteem and self worth (Kriegler&Harton, 1992).Dad has some self worth issues related to being laid off from work several months ago, he has applied for many jobs but feels he is considered too old at 56 years old. Mom is overweight and is extremely conscious of her size. She tends to wear loose clothes and does not like to be photographed. She has tried unsuccessfully to lose weight many times. Children are confident teenagers who are universal at school. Role relationship assessment is focused on the individuals roles in the world and relationships with others (Kriegler&Harton, 1992). The Smiths push through to have a very tight knit family.Mom loves being a nurse and has worked at the same hospital for over 20 years. The family has a wide circle of friends he has no living family and her family still live overseas. The whole family is very social and love to entertain when at all possible. Sexuality assessment is focused on the individuals satisfaction with energiseuality patterns (Kriegler&Harton, 1992). Mom and Dad have been happily married for 20 years. They have an active and satisfying sex life. Mom still menstruates and has been considering a hysterectomy on doctors advice for fibroid tumors.Mom strongly does not believe in elective surgeries so struggles with heavy rate of flow monthly and severe pain. Dad supports her decision at this time but her pain distresses him. Mom has not had a PAP in years but has an appointment for a PAP and mammogram pending. Son recently split from long term girlfriend, daughter is not sexually active yet but erect had her first PAP. Coping assessment is focused on the individuals perception of stress and coping strategies, also individual support systems should be evaluated (Kriegler&Harton, 1992). Mom is an emergency room nurse who uses her husband to decompress.Each morning when she gets home they discuss her shift. Dad feels under stress at the moment opus trying to find employment. Mom is supportive and is working extra to provide extra income. Children have usual high school drama but appear well rounded. This family regularly has a family meeting where there is open and non judgmental discussion of any issues. All major decisions are discussed with the entire family. Mom is from overseas but speaks wit h her family every Sunday. Overall this family is well educated and well adjusted. This health assessment notes some areas that this family can work on.

Green Marketing Plan †Nandos Essay

The purpose of this plan is to analyse the environmental efforts of the Nandos Carnegie offset, and to develop strategies that propels them a step closer towards a much than than eco-friendly and sustainable future.Nandos was established in 1987 in Johannesburg, atomic number 16 Africa. It has about 300 terminals in Australia since the brand arrived here in 1990. Nandos has already put one acrossn serve to be more environment on the wholey responsible, with better promotional material designs and fall apartnering with organizations that argon tackling the worlds affectionate problems. The sources of reading for this merchandise plan include websites, articles and the management at the Carnegie branch of Nandos. Since some data is unavailable to us (e.g. the annual costs of the billet), certain assumptions testament incur to be do. Nandos already has a open(a) nidus on reducing its packaging, but zero and water usage have non been intercommunicate as effectively . To lessen their usage of dynamism, they will have to consider their lighting, and the equipment that is mapd in the kitchen. Solar panels will besides be installed to cringe their electricality routine. Water usage will overly be cut down by switching to more efficient equipment in the kitchen and toilets. By employing the strategies that have been outlined, Nandos will be able to target their triple bottom line by reducing cost, lightening their carbon dance step and consequently improving the lives of the throng.Situation AnalysisNandos BackgroundNandos is not the common grammatical case of warm nutriment joint, but is more of a casual dining household. Nandos first began avocation in 1987, in Johannesburg, South Africa. It arrived in Australia in 1990, with its first store opening in Perth. Since then, its popularity has cock-a-hoop in all state in Australia, with clean stores opening all the time. There are approximately 300 stores operating nationally, with plans to expand get on. Nandos is famous for its unique Peri-Peri marinade that is employ for all the moaner items on the menu (Nandos, 2012). This park commercializeing plan is for Nandos Carnegie and how they throne hold in sustainability into their operations.Nandos environmental strategiesNandos does not announce their sustainability efforts much, but hold dearing the environment and doing the right thing has al slipway been a part of their business strategy. They are already raising cognizance for an organisation called United Against Malaria, which is a charity that raises awareness of malaria, and aims to put an end to it (Mumbrella, 2012). Nandos Carnegie has been selling United Against Malaria bracelets to raise funds for the charity. All Nandos restaurants in any case use recyclable packaging for their products (they signed the Australian Packaging Covenant in 2010, which means they must(prenominal) adhere to their guidelines). They have similarly begun selli ng waterbottles which use 35% less plastic than the anterior bottles that were used. Recycle logos and information are also printed onto the packaging to educate consumers (Nandos, 2010). Nandos also makes use of recycling services, which are available at every branch, including Carnegie.Nandos have implemented a musical arrangement of having its suppliers of oil provide oil to each store in monstrous quantities so as to reduce the amount of trips that they need to make. This system also reduces the use of steel drums for containing the oil. Spent oil is then air out to recyclers to produce biodiesel, which Nandos then uses to run its trucks (Nandos, 2010). Analysis of environmental performanceEven though Nandos does undertake all of the above- mentioned activities in their business processes, they are still not realizing their full potential in terms of sustainability. Even though Nandos does try to buy recycled products, they do not have an evident policy that states that the y should buy recycled. Nandos also does not have a policy to encourage their abroad suppliers to rep atmospheric state design to reduce the environmental partake of their packaging (Nandos, 2010). Just by implementing these guidelines, Nandos could improve their environmental performance substantially.However, Nandos does print environmental logos on all its primary and secondary winding packaging to encourage recycling passim its value fibril all the way to consumers. Nandos also discourages consumers to take away the food, and this succors to reduce the use of extra packaging. All Nandos restaurants have a relaxed atmosphere and a homely feel that urges consumers to eat there rather than take the food home (Nandos, 2012)The fast-food chain also uses renewable resources i.e. sugar johne stuff, for most of its packaging. Also, they try to make sure that the packaging is do using no small parts so littering is minimized (Nandos, 2010). A few inefficient business methods tha t are specific to the Carnegie branch include the washing of does and the use of disposable gloves. The bulky dishwashing machine is used even when there are just a few dishes, which resolves in wastage of water. Also, takeers use disposable gloves which are not made ofrenewable resources, and are replaced quite often due to overuse.Evidently, Nandos has integrated sustainability into its organisational plans. However, with a more concentrated focus on the environment, Nandos will be able to reduce their tint further, and could position themselves as the industry standard in terms of environmental impact.Current marketing strategiesNandos main message in its publicize campaigns is the fact that they use fresh chicken that is flame-grilled, not fried. They use this as a point of differentiation to gain an advantage over other fast-food chain, bid McDonalds or KFC (Baker, 2010). With its creative and occasionally controversial marketing campaigns and catchy taglines such as Po rtugasm, Nandos targets an educated, young demographic market.The organization has successfully used social media to connect with their customers, and its website to communicate any new plans, or to inform the public of any events taking place at Nandos.Nandos also uses its store design to complete the brand experience for customers. Wooden tables, soft,fluid lighting and posters showing the history of its unique flavours add an image of relaxation and a natural, friendly appeal to the brand (Nandos, 2012). Even though the target market may be a young demographic, consumers of all ages and backgrounds visit Nandos, presumably because of its uniquely cooked chicken.Industry summaryThe Australian fast food industry has flourished in the last decade, with industry tax income rising by 4.3% to reach $16,007,400,000 per annum. There were approximately 36,730 fast food establishments in Australia in 2010 (RAPS, 2011). With such a large number of fast food organisations, they definitel y have a significant impact on the Australian environment and could make a massive difference if they incorporated sustainability into their business practices. The current macro-environment factors will further examine the current situation and trends in the fast food industry.Political factors All businesses involved in the production and sale of domestic food products must abide by the guidelines set in the food for thought Standards Australia and New Zealand (RAPS, 2011). This ensures that all businesses follow at least the minimum requirements for sustainability. The introduction of the carbon tax has resulted in prices of products like fruits, vegetables, bread and meat will rise (Sebo, 2012), this means all fast food chains including Nandos will have to raise their prices.Social factors Consumers nowadays place more importance on preservation of the environment and healthy eating, so businesses must ensure they must deal with these issues (Price & Lawson, 1992) Fast food i mpacts to be contactn as unhealthy and pollutants of the environment (Price & Lawson, 1992). Fast food businesses are also perceived as litterers by a majority of consumers (Price & Lawson, 1992).Technological factors A new kind of method of utilizing solar power, referred to as solar thermal, means that power can be stored for a longer period of time as the engineering science does not rely on direct sunlight (Sorly, n.d.) Advances in packaging designs so they use less material mean that costs for companies are decreased and they decrease their environmental impact (Joy, 2011). development in the development of water efficient fittings result in reduced water usage for all businesses.Natural factors Water is a major factor influencing all businesses in Australia, as Australia is the driest inhabited clean in the world (White, 2009). Growing population means more demand for food, which places more pressure on the sources of fast food businesses (White, 2009). Depleting sources of fossil fuels, which are the main source of energy in Australia, will result in increased energy prices (White, 2009).Customer analysisThere has been a significant increase of fast food consumption in Australia, with traffic to fast food joints increasing by roughly 7% in 2010 (Markey & Watson, 2011). People of all walks of life come to Nandos, but a majority of them consist of younger people. Majority of consumers who purchase fast food do so for convenience (TheTelegraph, 2007). Therefore, they probably do not consider environmental factors in their purchase decision. However, with the green consumer group growing within Australia, opportunities for press release green for businesses are comme il faut more appealing.In Australia, there are certain trends that define consumers today. Consumers can be divided into certain groups. These include the nourish Consumer, the Busy Consumer and the Green Consumer to name a few (ACRS, 2010)The comfort ConsumerThese are consumers who spe nd their money more wisely, and mostly consider provided what they need. This is mainly a event of the Global Financial Crisis as consumers have become more cautious in their spending habits. This can be evidenced by the fact that consumer spending in Australia has been decreasing steadily, and this trend looks set to continue (Schwarten, 2012). These customers then force businesses to create value, so as to attract them to their brand.The Busy ConsumerThese are consumers who are becoming increasingly time-poor and convenience has a major effect on their purchase decisions. They place more tension on speed, simplicity and convenience (ACRS, 2010). Time is very valuable to them, so fast food is the standard choice for these types of consumers.The Green ConsumerThis has become a growing niche in the market, and identifies those consumers who are more bear on about the environment than other people. They are willing to spend more for products if they know it will help to conserve the environment. They will actively seek out green products or even organic products, and they take into account the environmental practices of thebusiness before choosing to purchase.This consumer market is continuously growing, with an estimated buying power of US$ five hundred billion in 2007 globally (ACRS, 2010). In Australia, consumers spent around AU$12 billion on environmentally-friendly goods in 2009, and the market reached AU$21 billion by 2010.Australians attitude towards environmental issuesAustralians are doubtless concerned about the environment, but the high costs of going green are stopping them from beingness very eco-friendly. This is confirmed by the fact that 100% of Gen Y and 91% of Gen X believe in the effects of climate change, according to McCrindle Research (n.d.). However, 65% do not want to pay more than 10% for green products, while only 10% are willing to pay any price.Consumers also feel that environmentally friendly products should cost less than oth erproducts so as to encourage people to buy them (McCrindle, n.d.) Consumers nowadays expect business to be trans put up with their activities and to be accountable at every level of business (Davis, 2007). Organizations are also expected to provide accurate information regarding the environmental impact of their products, and to minimize the impact through the use of innovative designs and manufacturing techniques (Savita, 2011).This means a restaurant like Nandos is expected to provide the information about their environmental impact to customers, and do all they can to protect the environment, and provide safe products to customers. The purpose of this marketing plan is to target the growing Green Consumer market, and to inform the Value Customer of the high level of environmentally friendly business practices taking place at Nandos Carnegie so as to give them another reason to eat there.Competitor analysisDirect competitors of Nandos Carnegie include Grilld, McDonalds, KFC, tube -shaped structure and other various dining restaurants due to their geographic proximity to the Nandos branch.McDonaldsStrengths1. Participate in thegovernments EnergiesEfficienciesOpportunities Program.2. Engage in countrywide water rescueprograms.3. McDonalds has fullcontrol over its supplychain, which allows it toincorporate sustainabilityinto its operations easily.4. Conduct extensive look for into reducingthe impact of theirpackaging, and are amember of the AustralianPackaging Covenant.(McDonalds, 2012)Weaknesses1. The strategies they are undertaking havenot changed their greedy, corporate brandimage (Barriaux, M. 2007)2. McDonalds does have a slight perceptionof going green in the minds of consumers, butits actual green performance is much lower(Streeter, 2011)3. McDonalds customers wholly produce 6.35kgs of trash during peak hour.4. McDonalds, due to its large size, issusceptible to being sued by individuals ororganisations that see any weakness in theirsustainability effor ts e.g. the 1986 court case(Archives, 2007)5. Damage the environment extensively fromtheir production techniques(EthicalFootprint,2010)Strategies1. covey Control program helpskeep the restaurant grounds clean.2. Restaurant includes rain watertanks, dual knock toilets and waterrestrictors on taps.3. Use scorecard method forsustainability targets for itssuppliers to make sure the goalsare being met throughout thesupply chain.4. Use recyclable material forpackaging, and continuousresearch is put into finding newways to reduce packagingmaterial.(McDonalds, 2012)KFCStrengthsWeaknessesStrategies1. Benefit from alliancewith coulomb Trust, asthey provide them withideas of greentechnologies.2. Yum Brands, (KFCsparent company) arealways looking for newways for environmentsustainability (YumBrands, 2010). KFCbenefits from this asthey have access to all ofthe green technologiesthat Yum Brandsdevelops.1. KFC has been linked with deforestationactivities in several(prenominal) parts of the worl d(Halladay, 2012).2. KFC has experienced problems with animalrights groups, hygiene problems at certainrestaurants, and poor working conditions forworkers. This has had an adverse effect ontheir brand image.1. Switched to recyclable materialfor packaging in 2009(environmental loss leader, 2009).2. All wrappers for chips, burgers,and cups are put through a dualwaste decant bin, which is thensorted and sent out to recycle(KFC, 2012).3. Dual flush system and waterlessurinals in the restaurant help toconserve water.4. Increased insulation for floor,walls, and ceiling (KFC, 2012)SubwayStrengthsWeaknessesStrategies1. Work withInternational buyCompanies Ltd togenerate ideas forenvironmentsustainability (Subway,2012).2. Subways brand motto,Eat Freshcomplements itssustainability goals(Fitzgerald, Brown &Stewart, 2009).3. Member of theAustralian PackagingCovenant, whichprovides Subway withclear goals for reducingenvironmental impact(Subway, 2012)1. Subway received some bad press for an adv enture involving animal cruelty, which mayhave damaged their brand image in the mindsof a few consumers (Reale, 2011)1. Switched to more energy savinglighting and low flow waterfaucets.2. Furniture and cleaning materialsare made from more sustainablematerials.3. Majority of the paper packagingused is completely recyclable.(Subway, 2012) Grilld is also a competitor of the Nandos Carnegie branch. They have a brand image that promotes healthy living and their supply consists of only fresh ingredients. Their Local Matters initiative, which is used to support local charities, is a fundamental part of their corporate social responsibility program (Grilld, 2012)Internal analysisHuman ResourcesThe management at Nandos Carnegie has had experience with Nandos for quite some time, so they know how to implement any new operations into the business effectively. Also, this Carnegie branch is family-owned so they would be enthusiastic about any positive innovations or advancements.Marketing capabi litiesNandos uses several mediums to reach its consumers. It uses social media such as its own Facebook page and Twitter account. They also re-designed their website to give it a more informal, fun look. Nandos also advertises in-store with a variety of posters and brochures. Nandos also utilises TV advertising but not as intensely as the other fast food franchises. Nandos is know for its somewhat cheeky advertising, and this has improved brand awareness since it first moved to Australia (Squidoo,n.d).Financial ResourcesAverage revenue daily for the Nandos Carnegie branch is approximately$2,200. So average annual revenue is approximately $791,720.ObjectivesTo incorporate sustainability into Nandos accounting framework, the Triple Bottom downslope will be used. This means that objectives will be formed so as to address business, society and environmental factors. The TBL framework considers people, planet and profit at the core of the business.Objective 1 Reduce overall environmenta l impact by intensifying focus on water usage, energy usage and packaging material. By doing this, Nandos Carnegie will aim to grasp a 50% reducing in costs.Objective 2 Increase awareness of Nandos Carnegies environmental efforts by 50% among consumers by December 2014.Green Marketing strategyObjective 1 Reduce overall environmental impact by intensifying focus on water usage, energy usage and packaging material. By doing this, Nandos Carnegie will aim to achieve a 50% lessening in costs.StrategyReduce water usage by50% by December 2014.StrategyReduce energy use by 50%by December 2014.Actions1. flip existingdish washer withdishwasher that has 4Star Water Efficiencyrating.2. Ensure all employeesuse the dishwasher onlyfor a full load.3. throw in time flow tapsand dual flush toilets.Actions1. Replace fryer withenergy-efficient fryerthat has earned the nada STAR.2. install ENERGYSTAR convection oven.3. Add strip curtains and machine-controlled door closersto the walk-inrefrigerato r to keepinside temperature low.4. Install CFL bulbs inevery part of therestaurant.5. Install demand basedexhaust control. Thisregulates the exhaust fanspeed in the kitchen tomeet ventilation needs.6. Install energyefficient Reverse CycleAir Conditioner.7. Install 7 solar panelson pileus of building.Cost$3000- $6000.Time flow taps- $300 eachDual flush toilets- $500Cost$950- electric$4,400- gas$1,800- electric$ 3,400- gas$5 per bulb. (Times approximately 25bulbs for the restaurant = $125)$cl0 $2000$3000- $4000Through the implementation of these strategies, Nandos will be able to reduce their overall operating cost. The investment in green technology might have a high initial investment, but will definitely be utile in the future. For exampleEnergy-efficient fryers can save up to $100 for electricity or $470 for gas annually. ENERGY STAR electric ovens can save up to $190 annuallyCFL bulbs can reduce energy consumption by 75%Cutting down on idle time for the combination oven can sa ve up to $800 annually. By turning down the central cooling by 3 F, air conditioning costs can be reduced by 12-15 percent.The solar panels could help save up to $400 in electricity costs. (Energy Star, 2012)Clearly, these cost savings are quite significant, and a 50% reduction in costs is therefore perfectly realistic.Strategy 4 Nandos is already committed to eco-friendly packaging practices, as they follow the strict guidelines under the Australian Packaging Covenant. However, Nandos does not currently work with third-party organizations to improve design and recycling of packaging, they must begin doing so in order to benefit from specialist knowledge that those firms (e.g. The Cardboard Pallet Company) have acquired.Objective 2 Increase awareness by 50% of Nandos Carnegies environmental efforts among consumers by December 2014.StrategyActionsIncrease communication effortsof eco-friendly changes takingplace through a range ofmediums and creative tactics.1. Change in-store poster designto a green base of operations to emphasizethe changes taking place.N/ACost2. Advertise in local CaulfieldGlen Eira Leader newspaperand The Daily Green websiteabout the restaurants greenefforts.3. Use outdoor banners toadvertise sustainabilitypractices.4. Distribute brochures insidestore to raise awareness of theshift to sustainability atNandos.$500 (approximately)$300 ($150 for each banner)$2000Other strategies that Nandos could undertake involveUsing their food waste and turn it into compost to use it to grow plants. They could do this by having their own compost recycling operation or send their food waste to a compost facility.Encouraging more eat-ins by providing facts about the environmental impact of packaging to consumers.Using the strategies listed, Nandos will be able to affect its Triple Bottom Line positively. Through the implementation of the strategies, they will be able to minimise their environmental impact, reduce their costs significantly and improve the st ore environment for the people who visit the store (i.e. through improved design and having more decorative plants in the store). The achievement of these objectives will show Nandos devotion to sustainability.ReferencesArchives (2007, April 11). McDonalds, Environmental McNasty? Retrieved 27 phratry, 2012 from http//theconcordian.com/Baker, R. (2010, June 30). Nandos has lipsmackin giveaway plan. Marketing Week. Retrieved from http//www.marketingweek.co.uk/nandos-has-lipsmackin-giveawayplan/3015217.article Barriaux, M. (2007, July 05). McDonalds goes green, but not all customers are lovin it. The Guardian. Retrieved from http//www.guardian.co.uk/Davis, P. (2007, November 13). Is your company naughty or mincing? Consumers want to know before buying. 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