English Writing Dictations for Beginning Learners

English dictation provides writing practice for English-language learners. Listen to the phrases via the links in this article, then take a piece of paper, or use a writing program on your computer. Write or type what you hear. Listen as many times as necessary. Dictation helps your spelling, listening and understanding skills. Each of the following dictations focuses on a specific learning point. The dictations are for beginning-level learners and include five sentences in each dictation. Each sentence is read twice, giving you time to write what you hear. At a Hotel This  dictation link  will give you a chance to hear—and write—comon phrases used at hotels, such as: Can I make a reservation please? and Id like a double room with a shower. and Do you have any rooms available? Remember that you can hit the pause button to give yourself more time to write your answer. Introductions This section includes  simple sentences  like, Hello, my name is John. Im from New York. and English is a difficult language. As you know from your studies, this is certainly a very accurate statement. At a Government Agency These  dictation sentences  cover phrases youll find useful at a government agency—such as at a motor vehicles or Social Security office. The sentences cover topics such as filling out forms and standing in the correct line. Knowing the sentences on this topic can save you hours of potential aggravation. At the Restaurant These  dictation sentences  cover common phrases used in a restaurant, such as What would you like to have? and Id like a hamburger and a cup of coffee. If youre up for more practice on eatery terms, youll find them in these extra  practice phrases. Present, Past and Comparisons In English, the present and past tense can take many grammatical forms, involving an array of confusing terms. You can memorize the grammatical forms, but its often easier to listen to a native speaker dictate phrases and sentences involving present and past tense events. Making comparisons can also be a difficult concept. Use the following links to practice such sentences as: I started work in October last year and Peter is playing the piano at the moment. Now—sentences that describe things happening at the momentPast events—sentences with the simple past tense to describe things that happened in the pastComparisons—sentences comparing two things or people Other Topics The more practice you can get listening to and  writing  American-English phrases the better. Buying or choosing  clothing, describing habits, giving directions, and even buying souvenirs can be difficult unless you know a few basic phrases that cover these issues. To help you, these practice dictation sentences cover topics including: Clothing—common phrases related to shopping for clothesHabits—sentences that express daily habits and routinesMy town—phrases regarding your communityWork—sentences about daily routines at workDirections— common phrases used when asking for and giving directionsQuestions—a variety of simple questions in different tensesSouvenirs—common phrases used when shopping for souvenirs

War Was The Only Option - 1547 Words

Like two spoiled children throwing a fit, the Union and Confederacy found themselves in a situation they were unprepared for. Neither side had an army large enough to conduct a full-scale war. Each side had trepidations about engaging in armed conflict, but like the years leading up to secession the most extreme political voices triumphed over moderation. Dr. McClintock argues that hard-liners in the north refused to negotiate for peace feeling they had nothing wrong. Southern leaders had become so arrogant they could not imagine northerners would be willing to die to keep the south from leaving. Arrogance on both sides would prove catastrophic. Once shots fired at Fort Sumter, war was the only option. This rush to action was the greatest failure in the war. As Catton describes in his book, a war began neither side prepared for. The mobilization of men was so large that in terms of percentage no other war in American history required such a large percentage of American men. Old world military tactics combined with new world technology resulted in human carnage never seen. Combined with utter hatred for the other side, this war went beyond conventional military logic into the realm of politics. These realities came crashing down on both sides resulting in failures so tragic they are beyond comprehension. Both sides shared in failures. The Union quickly mobilized an Army the size of which the nation had never seen. They had to do this without some of the greatest militaryShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Civil War Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesSyrian civil war started in 2011 was the outcome of the opposition against the President Bashar al-Assad regime. The uprising emerged as a response to the Arab spring movement that lead to regime change in Tunisia and subsequently turned into mass unrest rooted into the discontent with long-term dictatorship and poor economic situation in the country (Manfreda, n.d.). The number of Syrian citizens killed in the civil war reached 140000 since March 2011 (SBS 2014). The European Commission (2014, 2)Read MorePatrick Henry Speech892 Words   |  4 Pagesthat there is no other alternative but war. Henry starts off by acknowledging the patriotism and abilities of the men who spoke before, and against him. Henry goes on to persuade his audience by use of rhetorical questions and compari sons to religious beliefs. Henry’s speech was very motivations, and inspirational, as well as urgent and persuasive. Patrick Henry did a good job, and at the height of his speech, he convinces the House of Burgesses that the war needs to be fought. The first thing HenryRead MoreTrumans Utter Destruction with the Atomic Bomb1079 Words   |  5 PagesTruman had several options presented from his Joint Chiefs of Staff. First option was the invasion of the Mainland of Japan, specifically Kyushu. (36) Second option was to continue bombing Japan’s infrastructure and food supply. (39) Third option was to wait on the till the Soviets acted upon their agreement and join the war against Japan. (41) Fourth option was to change the policy of unconditional surrender to allow Japan to keep Emperor Hirohito on his throne. (42) The final option Truman receivedRead MorePresident Truman Made A Nuclear Weapon1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbomb was dropped on Japan in the city of Nagasaki. P resident Truman made this choice in an effort to end World War II. World War II began on September 1,1939 and ended on September 2,1945 ending in an Allie victory. This world was fought primarily by the Axis Powers: Germany, Austria, Italy, and Japan and the Allie Powers: Great Britain, France, The USSR, and the United States. President Truman made a difficult decision to drop nuclear weapons on Japan, because the factors leading up to the war, theRead MoreWorld War I Am Become Death, The Destroyer Of Worlds1165 Words   |  5 Pageswhat Robert Oppenheimer said when an atomic bomb was first tested at Los Alamos. On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, another was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. These bombs killed over 100,000 instantly and approximately another 100,000 died from the fallout affect of the bombs. Nobody will ever forget this tragic day, when America destroyed the lives of thousands but also stopped the wa r with Japan. 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The Allies would accept nothing but unconditional surrender with the document being concluded with â€Å"We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all the Japanese armed forces †¦ the alternative forRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pageswith PTSD will Reduce the Rate of Suicides Soldiers who return home may not only have physical setbacks, but are mentally traumatized from what they have witnessed while serving our country. Veterans are more prone to be diagnosed with PTSD due to the combat they experience or witness on the field. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans has been prevalent for decades and there is still no known treatment option that has been found entirely effective. Many Vietnam veterans who never soughtRead MoreHarry S. Truman For Defeating Japan s Barbaric Regime And Ending The Bloodiest War1641 Words   |  7 Pageswhen Harry S. Truman was forced to decide whether or not to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, the moral choice was clear: dropping the bombs was the most viable option available that would end World War II, minimize casualties on both sides of the war, and ensure American victory. Every other option available to Truman would have resulted in a much greater loss for the people of both Japan and the United States. Whil e dropping atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was undeniably an atrocityRead MoreShould Us Go To War In Iraq Essay820 Words   |  4 Pagespeople believed that our government was looking for a reason to go to war in the middle east, specifically with Iraq. We believed that the â€Å"people of Iraq are an oppressed people, and the world has a duty to help these people† (Kelly). However, after going through the Vietnam war, our citizens did not want to enter into another war and send more soldiers away from home. We were currently having our best years financially in our country and were involved in zero wars. But, looking for ways to have better

Managing Technologies and Innovation-Free Samples for Students

Questions: Discuss about the Role of Information Technology in all Sectors. Discuss about the Innovation through IT in Google Inc. Discuss about the Customer Relationship Management. Answers: 1.Information Technology is becoming the backbone of several industries. All the companies are becoming dependent on IT for achieving operational efficiency and improving customer service. IT plays a significant role in various industries like: Media: IT has upgraded this field and has enabled the distribution of news on a wider scale. Online news websites like www.bbc.com have also been launched for keeping the people updated. Banking: IT has automated the flow of information in banks. Online banking via banking apps and websites has improved the satisfaction level of customers. Education: IT has facilitated students to gain knowledge regarding any subject and share information with other students in an effective manner. Online journals and books have made the process of education easier. Medicine: Advanced technologies, equipments and techniques that are developed by IT have enabled the physicians to provide accurate treatment to the patients. Transport: IT innovations and inventions have upgraded this industry. People are able to check the schedule and seat availability of trains and flights. IT plays a major role in technological companies. IT has promoted efficient management of business and develops new services and products by automating business processes (Drnevich and Croson 2013). Technological companies are able to improve its communication process via e-mail, video calls and social media. MIS has helped the companies to track various data and information for maximizing profit and minimizing cost. CRM systems have enabled the technological companies to improve its customer service level and generate more revenue. IT is known for fostering and promoting innovation in technological businesses. Innovation leads to improved database management, faster data processing, smarter apps and wider distribution of information. Innovation through IT increases productivity, enhances quality and increases the value. Digital marketing, online shopping and VoIP communication are examples of innovation via IT. IT and innovation are closely related (Guzman, Pealba, and Morejn 2013). IT improves business performance through innovation. 2.Google believes in developing and launching innovative products regularly and to improve the products on a continuous basis by an iterative process. The main aim f the Google research team is to bring practical benefits to the users. The research procedure begins with exploring research ideas, developing and maintaining software. The focus of the entire organization is on rapid innovation. According to annual report of Google, the RD expenses in the year 2015 were 16 % of the revenue. The expenses had increased by $ 627 million between the year 2014 and 2015 (Abc.xyz 2017). The RD budget is allocated for facilities, labor related costs and development of new services, product and equipment related expenses. Innovative research is carried out in Google. The strategic focus of the RD department of Google is on certain areas like advertising, search, machine learning and developing new services and products. Google uses service-based delivery model that gives benefit to the RD department. Designing, testing, production as well as maintenance processes are simplified by using the service-based model. Talented employees are hired for the engineering operations. Hybrid research model plays a significant role in inventing new products and services (Spector, Norvig and Petrov 2012). The aim of this model is to disseminate knowledge by flexible collection of various methods and approaches. The advanced projects are focused on newness and creativity. The research team creates new technologies and concepts. Several innovations have been promoted by IT like language translation, speech recognition, market algorithm, computer vision and machine learning. Google invests in research for developing efficient IT infrastructure. Google has a secretive lab called Google X, which is responsible for experimenting with future technologies. Google innovative projects include driverless cars, project glass and robotics avatars (Business Insider 2017). Latest innovations of Google include Google Assistant that uses Google Lens technology to analyze the surroundings and give relevant information on the Smartphone screen. Google has tried to incorporate AI to the camera of the Smartphone. Google is turning the smart speakers into phones. Google recently offers photo books that are printed. Google is focused in developing moonshot projects. 3.CRM refers to technologies, strategies and practices that organizations use for managing and analyzing customer details and interactions throughout the lifecycle of the customers for the improvement of business relationships. This technology collects and integrates information from various channels like company website, live chat, mail, social media, telephone and marketing materials (Nguyen and Mutum 2012). CRM systems provide the companies with detailed customer information like purchase history, concerns and buying preferences. CRM systems store information in a single centralized database. Business users can manage and access the information stored in CRM. This technology is also known for automating workflow processes such as alerts, calendars and tasks. Managers are able to track productivity and performance by utilizing CRM systems. CRM tools can automate same or repetitive tasks for enhancing marketing efforts. Automation of sales force is also achieved by CRM systems. CRM systems have the capability to create marketing campaigns in different geographic locations. Cloud based CRMs are based on SaaS service model where information is stored on a remote and external network (Kumar and Reinartz 2012). Most of the companies use cloud based CRM system for enhancing the quality of customer service. Companies are able to increase its sales level and improve its digital marketing capabilities by adopting CRM systems. Banks are able to achieve competitive advantage by targeting specific and potential customer groups. CRM solutions are used in consulting companies for client acquisition and management. It also helps in project management. CRM solutions support several functions in IT companies. It supports customer consultation, project planning and software marketing. There are several communication channels via which the customers can contact the companies. CRM systems have the capability to integrate information from all the channels and presenting it to the companies. Engineering companies use CRM for controlling costs and creating quotes. It enables the companies to view all the customer and project details. Scientific institutions also use CRM for planning, organizing, managing projects and transferring technology. CRM systems are responsible for increasing the level of custo mer satisfaction (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). CRM technology can be tailored for meeting the exact needs of the clients. References Abc.xyz.,2017.GoogleInc.[online]Availableat:https://abc.xyz/investor/pdf/20150331_google_10Q.pdf [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Business Insider., 2017.A pill that can detect cancer cells. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Google-and-Alphabets-20-most-ambitious-moonshot-projects/Driverless-cars/slideshow/50988332.cms [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Drnevich, P.L. and Croson, D.C., 2013. Information technology and business-level strategy: Toward an integrated theoretical perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2). Guzman, G.M., Pealba, J.E.M. and Morejn, V.M.M., 2013. The Relationship between Innovation, Information Communication Technology, and Quality: A Latin American Enterprises Perspective.Journal of Business and Economics, p.1265. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Kumar, V. and Reinartz, W., 2012.Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools. Springer Science Business Media. Nguyen, B. and Mutum, D.S., 2012. A review of customer relationship management: successes, advances, pitfalls and futures.Business Process Management Journal,18(3), pp.400-419. Spector, A., Norvig, P. and Petrov, S., 2012. Google's hybrid approach to research.Communications of the ACM,55(7), pp.34-37.

Ethics and Sustainability for Eradication - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Sustainability Analysisfor Poverty Eradication. Answer: Increased poverty is a long-term problem and eradicating the situation has been the key component in development strategies for decades. It is reported that more than 1 billion people around the world live in extreme poverty (Kolezynski 2014, p.1). This implies that one in at least five persons in the developing nations lives on less that $2 each day, millions still make little more than this, and many risks slithering back into poverty (Sustainable Development Goals 2017, p.1). Poverty is associated with more than just the lack of salary and wages and resources to guarantee a sustainable living. Some of the poverty indicators include hunger and undernourishment, restricted access to education, social exclusion and lack of active engagement in decision making which prevent people from being productive. As much as various organizations are putting many efforts to eradicate poverty, it is in itself the biggest global challenge, and there is an immense need to end poverty in every dimen sion of sustainable development to realize the Millennium Development Goals. Main Environmental Elements The environment greatly matters to the people living in abject poverty. The perceptions of the well-being of the people living in poverty are strongly associated with the environment in terms of their susceptibility, livelihoods, health, and empowerment to improve their lives. The environmental changes affect the poor in three core manifestations of poverty namely: the livelihood, well-being, and susceptibility. The poor tend to rely heavily on the environment and the direct use of natural resources for their livelihoods and food security e.g. agriculture, fishing, and livestock farming ((Shah 2013, p.1). As a result, they are mostly affected when the environment is degraded, and their accessibility to natural resources is restricted. More than one-fifth of the diseases burden in the developing countries is connected with the environmental risk elements. The poor men, women, and children tend to suffer the most when the water bodies, land, and air are polluted contributing to a major cause of deteriorating well-being and health issues in developing nations. Undernourishment which stems from food insecurities is the primary source of disease burden. It is, therefore, evident that the environment in which people live is directly linked to the society's health and well-being. When it comes to susceptibility, the poor people are mostly exposed to environmental perils and related conflicts and are not capable of coping when these events happen (Narloch 2014, p.1). The issue of climate change, for example, means that the weather conditions are expected to become more deplorable and severe. These events will severely affect those living in developing world since their capability to adapt is limited. These factors prompted us to evaluate the relationship between empowerment and the environment and how it impacts the poor people and the efforts to reduce poverty levels. The environment is susceptible to the effects of poverty and ignoring the sustainability of growth li mits the development and aggravates poverty levels. It is, therefore, vital to eliminate poverty through effective management of the global resources. Critical Social Elements Poverty is perceived as a social issue that is a profoundly entrenched injury that pervades every direction and form of the society and culture. Social discrimination forms an integral part of the social elements of the conception of poverty. This element is a multidimensional process. Social discrimination leads an individuals ability to actively engage in social, economic, cultural, and political life developments and relationships with others. This affects the quality of life of the people and the equity of the society as a whole. The income, basic requirements, and empowerment perspectives are some of the principles developed to understand the concept of poverty (Fao n.d, p.3).Employment is one key factor that creates an opening to understanding the concept of poverty. Jobs are fundamental to helping the poor people in evading poverty. However, rising complications from poverty interfere with those seeking to acquire employment. Increased development is present in many parts of t he world holds a promise for those seeking employment, yet, those living in poverty find it hard to take advantage this opportunity. All in all, the employment environment is meant to be conducive and offer fair wage otherwise the opportunities provided will worsen the problem. Economic Elements Lack of jobs that pay fair wages increased healthcare costs; inadequate education, increased income gap, increased economic globalization and its adverse impact on workers are some of the factors that go hand in hand with poverty. A key challenge for the developing nations is to create an empowering environment that makes their economies attractive for foreign investors. Economic growth is therefore regarded as one of the most powerful elements for alleviating poverty and enhancing the quality of life of the people in the developing world (Shah 2013, p.1). There is a great need for innovation and strong effectiveness in mobilizing domestic resources with a special emphasis on the linkages to eradicating poverty and improving economy growth. In this context, a robust financial structure is essential for economic and social growth. Necessary measures must be taken into account to establish a solid fiscal policy that allows organizations to enter the market and operate efficiently and a lso help restructure enterprises to function effectively in the domestic and international markets. With respect to those living in poverty who work in informal economic sectors, there is need to engage them in the formal financial segment. Two Major Ethical Problems Connected with Poverty Eradication The principle of ethics studies the nature and extent of just and social institutions at the inmost level of examination. The ethics of poverty refers to the basic arguments used to justify the process of empowering poor people. Poverty and inequality have been concerns of progression economics (Barrientos et.al 2016, p.12). Alleviating poverty and improving the extreme levels of inequality boosts economic growth. Poverty and inequality are not just considered as an economic challenge but are ethical issues (Barrientos et.al 2016, p.12). Minimizing poverty levels is reinforced by equal access to quality education and a fair society to enable every individual with an education to have more options to fulfil their aspirations. Access to education and a fair society promotes economic growth as well as ensure human dignity. These issues call upon the wisdom of ethical responsibility. The concept of equality refers to that which is owed or is due to a person. This principle also proposes that the society has an obligation to those in severe need and all people have a role to play to those in need. Thus, every person is entitled to fair access to resources for their livelihoods. In addition, decisions concerning the allocation of resources should be based upon the quality of persons. Also, the extreme income gap in the developing nations is alarming which tends to corrode the social cohesion. Social cohesion is concerned as a sense of trust between individuals that are unfamiliar with each other (Komatsu 2015, p.1). An effective social cohesion is important to the society to enable it to function properly and for people to maximize their efficiencies and livelihoods. Ethical Problems on the Relevant Ethical Theory From the above discussion, it will be incomplete to offer explanations as to why poverty associated with income gaps and unequal distribution of wealth occurs. As such, there is need to take on board two ethical variables namely: the libertarian and utilitarian theories. The libertarian theory of poverty which expounds on the unequal distribution of incomes and wealth is varied but puts emphasis on rights. According to Nozick, he describes the libertarian theory of distribution to hold that people possess the Lockean rights (Corlett 2016, p.19-21). Acknowledgment of these rights poses side limits on how people should behave towards other persons so that everyone remains responsible for his or her own unique livelihood without being coerced by others (Zwolinski 2015, p. 522). This can only be realized through the theory of economic justice which ensures that each person own personal properties, goods, assets, and money that have been acquired fairly. Persons are also allowed to dispos e of their assets as they chose unless an individual had a previous attachment to them due to the breach of the Lockean rights (Zwolinski 2015, p. 520-522). Significant to the entitlement principle of economic distribution is how the assets and properties are obtained. For example, when a person legitimately owns a property, then the economic distribution is fair. Property rights are derived from a person's moral rights over social and legitimate structures established by the society. The utilitarianism theory proposes that with the maximization of individual happiness it should be determined what is just and unjust actions. It may not be easy to identify the activity that will enhance comfort for the need of a consistent standard of utility (Sheng 2012, p.15). An unclear standard of equality, there emanates conflicts as to how to examine the principles becomes inevitable. In understanding the concept of wealth distribution, it is important to ask the question as to whether it is fair that competent employees should be granted higher compensations that their less capable colleagues. While looking at the justice viewpoint, this is not applicable. It is clear that the society receives more from the more efficient and competent worker whose services are considered useful and thus the society owes him/her a high return. The social utility has the capacity to choose the preferences when random differences between the equally reasonable reactions were to be shunned (She ng 2012, p.26). Therefore, the utilitarian theory is crucial for resolving the challenges that arise between the rival doctrines of equality. Major Threat and Opportunities Poverty eradication has the chance of creating opportunities for businesses. These opportunities include acquiring more skilled workers and increased innovativeness. When poor people are empowered economically, socially, and culturally, they become more healthy and educated, and businesses have a wide range of skilled employees to choose from. Also, reliable access to education allows people to become more knowledgeable, efficient, innovative and competent which are some of the valuable assets to any business when recruiting to help improve their companys overall performance. In contrast, the major threat to businesses is that they may be reluctant to recruit highly skilled workers. Businesses in developed countries are used to acquiring low-skilled workers with low incomes. As such, when people become more literate and skilled, their skill levels are improved thereby demand high wages which most businesses may find to drain them financially. Ethical and Sustainability Solution to the Problems That Underpin Poverty Eradication Alleviating poverty is the main topic of the Agenda 21. Chapter 3 of the Agenda 21, states that poverty is a complex, multifaceted challenge with sources in the national and international spheres (Liu, Yu and Wang 2015, p.71). There seems to be no consistent solution that can be developed for global application. Instead, state-specific programs should be established eradicate poverty, worldwide efforts must be enhanced to support the national efforts, and the parallel process of building a supportive global environment are significant solutions to this problem. There are various factors that hinder poverty reduction including environmental degradation and resources inequality. Energy, for example, is an essential element for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The relationship between energy and development is significant to reduce poverty since it is linked to human requirement and various aspects of development like education, health, and poverty. Renewable energy tech nology is one of the energy projects contributing to sustainability (Liu, Yu and Wang 2015, p.69). This project helps to improve the environmental, economic, and social parameters including developing skills especially for the local people and offering opportunities for businesses. Ethical resource creation and allocation are crucial from the selfishness of the rich outlook. Participating in ethics screening serves as a yardstick for the engagement in the business of poverty alleviation through resource creation by all parties involved. List of References Barrientos, A., Abdulai, A., Demirag, D., Groot, R., and Ragno, L. P. 2016. Why Assist People Lining in Poverty? The ethics of poverty reduction. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/IWP_2016_27.pdf. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Corlett, J.A. ed., 2016. Equality and liberty: analyzing Rawls and Nozick. Springer. Fao. n.d. better forestry, less poverty: a practitioners guide. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0645e/a0645e05.pdf. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Kolezynski, C. 2014. Sustainability Decreases Poverty.https://borgenproject.org/sustainability-decreases-poverty/. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Komatsu, T. 2015. Poverty and Inequality: Our Ethical Challenges. https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/responses/poverty-and-inequality-our-ethical-challenges. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Liu, Q.Q., Yu, M. and Wang, X.L., 2015. Poverty reduction within the framework of SDGs and Post-2015 Development Agenda. Advances in Climate Change Research, 6(1), pp.67-73. Narloch, U. 2014. Sustainable poverty reduction and green growth. https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/sustainable-poverty-reduction-and-green-growth. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Shah, A. 2013. Poverty Facts and Stats. https://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Sheng, C.L., 2012.A new approach to utilitarianism: A unified utilitarian theory and its application to distributive justice (Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Sustainable Development Goals. 2017. Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/. Accessed on 19 May 2017 Zwolinski, M., 2015. Property rights, coercion, and the welfare state: The libertarian case for a basic income for all. The Independent Review, 19(4), pp.515-529.